In the US, all vaccines must be approved or licensed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), after which every vaccine is continually evaluated for safety and efficacy. This site reflects evidence-based US immunization recommendations.
Recommendations by Age
Evidence-based immunization schedule for infants and children from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Evidence-based immunization schedule for adults based on age and medical conditions from the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP)
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2023 NFID Annual News Conference: Preventing Disease This Fall and Winter
Leading national public health experts will present final 2022-2023 US influenza season data and results from a new national survey of US adults on vaccination behaviors and attitudes around flu, RSV, COVID-19, and pneumococcal disease
The Implications of Low Vaccination Rates
The implications of low vaccination rates extend well beyond the immediate protection conferred by vaccines against specific pathogens. Long-term benefits of vaccination include heightened resilience against future outbreaks, improved educational and economic stability resulting from reduced school and work absenteeism, as well as fewer healthcare visits and decreased hospitalizations due to preventable illnesses.
Updated August 2025
Sources: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Family Physicians