INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CHILD CARE FACILITIES

INCIDENCE

4-7,000,000 child care-related infections/year among 7,000,000 children under age 5 in out-of-home child care
2-3 times the risk of infectious diseases (diarrhea, respiratory disease, otitis media) compared with children not in out-of-home care

SEQUELAE

400,000 medical consultations and/or hospitalizations/year
25% of household contacts may be secondarily infected
Increased use of antimicrobial drugs

COSTS

60% of employee absenteeism attributable to unmet child care needs
Parents miss 1-4 weeks work per year to care for sick or injured children

TRANSMISSION

Primarily person-to-person by fecal-oral and respiratory routes

RISK GROUPS

Children in out-of-home child care, child care workers, and their household contacts

SURVEILLANCE

Reports of only specific diseases to state and local health departments
No formal surveillance system

TRENDS

By the Year 2000, 75% of mothers with children under 6 will work outside the home
Number of children in alternative care settings likely to increase
Incidence of some child-care associated infections (e.g., giardiasis, otitis media) is increasing
Increased risk of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infection

CHALLENGES

Identify cost-effective control measures
Evaluate efficacy of current prevention recommendations
Train employees in infection control techniques

OPPORTUNITIES

Reduction in infectious disease transmission will benefit families' quality of life
Savings in health care and productivity costs

RESEARCH PRIORITIES

Evaluation of prevention and control strategies
Identifying behavioral & educational interventions to facilitate adherence to good infection control practice

INTERVENTION PRIORITIES

Enhance capacity of public health information systems for communicating with child care providers
Assess models for enhancing delivery of public health services through the child care setting


April 1996
Courtesy of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention